Story of a Gem: Tanzanite
Tanzanite is one of the most fascinating and relatively young gemstones in the world of precious stones. Discovered in the late 1960s in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania, this extraordinary gem has a captivating history that sets it apart from other precious stones. Unlike many gemstones with centuries of documented history, tanzanite burst onto the international stage in a matter of just a few years.
Discovery and Early History
The gem's origin story is as remarkable as its beauty. In 1967, a Masai tribesman made an extraordinary discovery while walking through the rugged terrain of Merelani. Weathering out of the earth were stunning crystals displaying an intense violet-blue color that would soon captivate the global jewelry market. This chance encounter would mark the beginning of a remarkable gemstone's journey.
Tiffany & Company quickly recognized the potential of this extraordinary stone. The renowned jewelry company made a strategic move to become the primary distributor of the gem, playing a crucial role in its global introduction. In 1968, they launched an ambitious publicity campaign and named the stone "tanzanite" after its country of origin, Tanzania.
Unique Characteristics
What makes tanzanite truly special is its remarkable color-changing properties. Depending on the viewing angle and lighting, the stone can display a range of colors from deep blue to vibrant violet. This pleochroic nature is part of what makes tanzanite so desirable among gem enthusiasts and collectors.
Geological Rarity
One of the most remarkable aspects of tanzanite is its extreme geological rarity. Unlike many other gemstones that are found in multiple locations around the world, tanzanite is found in only one place on Earth: a small area of approximately 13 square kilometers in northern Tanzania. Geologists estimate that the tanzanite deposits could be depleted within the next few decades, making it potentially one of the most rare gemstones in the world.
Mining and Economic Impact
The discovery of tanzanite has had significant economic implications for Tanzania. The gemstone mining industry has become an important source of income for local communities and the national economy. The Tanzanian government has implemented various regulations to manage the mining and export of this precious resource, recognizing its importance as a national treasure.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite is a variety of the mineral zoisite and ranks 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs hardness scale. This makes it somewhat softer than stones like sapphire or diamond, requiring careful handling and setting in jewelry. Its most prized specimens display a rich blue-violet color, with the most valuable stones showing a deep blue with a vibrant purple secondary hue.
Cultural and Collector Significance
Since its discovery, tanzanite has become highly sought after by gem collectors, jewelers, and enthusiasts worldwide. Its relatively recent discovery and limited geographic origin have only added to its mystique and value. In 2002, the American Gem Trade Association added tanzanite as a birthstone for December, further increasing its popularity and recognition.
Caring for Tanzanite
Due to its relatively softer nature, tanzanite requires special care. Owners are advised to protect the stone from hard impacts, extreme temperatures, and harsh chemicals. Professional cleaning and careful storage are recommended to maintain its brilliant color and luster.
Conclusion
From a chance discovery by a Masai tribesman to becoming a globally recognized and cherished gemstone, tanzanite represents a remarkable story of geological wonder and human appreciation for natural beauty. Its limited supply, unique color, and fascinating history continue to make it a prized possession for gem lovers around the world.
